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Galiella rufa
''Galiella rufa'', commonly known as the rubber cup, the rufous rubber cup, or the hairy rubber cup, is a species of fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. The fungus produces cup-shaped fruit bodies that typically grow in clusters on branches and exposed portions of buried wood throughout eastern and Midwest North America and in Malaysia. The fruit bodies have the texture of tough, gelatinous rubber, and have a rough, blackish-brown, felt-like outer surface and a smooth reddish-brown inner surface. Although generally considered inedible by North American mushroom field guides, it is commonly consumed in Malaysia. The fungus produces several chemicals with a variety of bioactive properties.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The species was originally named ''Bulgaria rufa'' in 1832 by Lewis David de Schweinitz, based on material collected from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.〔 In 1913, Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred it to the genus ''Gloeocalyx'' as defined by George Edward Massee in 1901 (a genus now synonymous with ''Plectania''〔) due to its hyaline (translucent) spores.〔 Richard Korf made it the type species of his newly created ''Galiella'' in 1957, a genus that encompasses bulgarioid species (those with a morphology similar to those in ''Bulgaria'') with spores that feature surface warts that are made of callose-pectic substances that stain with methyl blue dye.〔
In 1906, Charles Horton Peck described the variety ''magna'' from material collected in North Elba, New York. Peck explained that the variety differed from the typical species in several ways: var. ''magna'' grew among fallen leaves under balsam fir trees, or among mosses on the ground, not on buried wood; it lacked a stem, and was instead broad and rounded underneath; its hymenium was more yellow-brown then the nominate variety; and, its spore were slightly longer.〔
The specific epithet ''rufa'' means "rusty" or reddish-brown", and refers to the color of the hymenium.〔 The species is commonly named the "rubber cup",〔 the "rufous rubber cup",〔 or the "hairy rubber cup".〔 In Sabah, it is known as ''mata rusa'' (deer eyes), and in Sarawak, ''mata kerbau'' (buffalo eyes).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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